As
a nation, the Philippines with its 7,101 islands, 2,800 of which are populated,
experienced its first taste of electrification in 1890. Three lamps were
installed along a main thoroughfare in the City of Manila. Electric lines were
first installed in 1895.
From1890
to the late 1960s, power generation and distribution were largely controlled by
private entities. For the most part, the government was regulating electric
installation. In 1936, Commonwealth Act 120 created the National Power
Corporation (NPC) and tasked it with developing the country’s hydropower
potential. Primarily, the Manila Electric Company (MERALCO) was the largest
privately-owned electric utility which contributed to the country’s total
generation capacity. Secondarily, there were small generating systems that were
installed which were owned by private operators and local government units
(LGUs). Due to the profit-orientation of the private utilities, electrification
was limited to high-density urban areas only where electric utility operations
were considered viable.
With
this condition, the government realized that the rural areas were deprived from
being program beneficiaries. Thus, agricultural and industrial development in
the countryside was snail-paced. The government realized further that the
promotion and acceleration of such development could be attained through the
provision of cheap and dependable supply of power.
Due
to the inadequacy of power service, the need for an agency to oversee the
installation of countryside electrical systems was felt. It was in 1960 that
Mayor Exasperanza Sanchez - Binghay saw a light of hope. Republic Act (RA) 2717
was enacted to carry out the country’s electrification policy. The agency was
authorized P25 million to be loaned out to the electric utility operators for
financing the construction and operation of generating plants, electric
transmission and distribution systems for the furnishing of electric energy,
particularly in the rural areas.
While
finding ways and means for her electrification project, Mayor Exasperanza
Sanchez on her own pocket had bought a lot of Petromax
kerosene (paraffin) pressure lanterns which she used for her street-lighting
project.
The
brand name Petromax itself in the minds of the Cebuanos became synonymous to
kerosene (paraffin) pressure lantern which was derived from “petroleum” and “Max
Graetz” (the name of its main inventor). The design was such a success that it is
still being used to this day in Balamban especially by fishermen and farmers.
By
the end of August 1963, 60 days after the approval of Republic Act 3590
otherwise known as the Barrio Charter, the tenientes
del barrio who used to function mainly as tax collectors of the
municipality were changed to capitanes
del barrio and were granted greater autonomy and incentive for self-help,
without the national, provincial and municipal governments relinquishing their
respective obligations to them which was also a relief on the part of the
municipal bureaucracy. Then in 1964, the United States Agency for International
Development (USAID) conducted a survey of the country’s power situation.
Finding that the electrification program had been moving quite slowly as
private utility operators continued to ignore serving the rural areas, the
study recommended the adoption of the rural electric cooperative system of the
United States.
In
March 1965, the Electrification Administration sent a telegram to Engr. Donato
Karamihan (who was at Amlan, Negros at that time for an electrical load survey)
advising him to drop in Balamban and Asturias to make a feasibility study,
electrical load survey, and design for its possible electric installation.
Following the advice he went to Balamban and stayed at the house of the mayor
for eight months. Within that span of time after the positive result of Engr.
Karamihan’s study, the contractor George Vargas had bid for the electrical installation
project with the package of technically giving 130 kilowatt generator to light
Balamban. The electrification only covered Abucayan to Baliwagan Proper which had
been determined after the electrical load survey had been conducted.
Electrical
load survey is done for power evaluation by knowing the necessary power
requirement of nearby population which can be achieved by taking the interview
of barrio captains, school teachers, and etc. There are factors may be
considered during the electrical load survey of nearby villages up to 4 to 10
km distance from the location of proposed SHP station, namely: number of
villages; number of houses; population; number of projected connections;
average energy consumptions; demand for street lighting; number of commercial
establishment and energy demand for each establishment; number of schools,
health centers and other community services and their energy demand; number of
small industries with energy requirement for each; miscellaneous demand; and current
and projected demand for electrical energy of various types of consumption.
The
mayor was sad for it did not reach the lot of Dr. Aniano Dumdum, whom she had a
political conflict, since the said lot was not inhabited. She wanted to
befriend all her political enemies so that they could work with her in her
programs harmoniously. Hence, she asked Engr. Karamihan if he could manage to
make an extension line to the said lot. Engr. Karamihan told the mayor that he
could get the extra wires available and used it for the said installation if
she could provide an electrical post. The mayor then ordered her men to pull
the old electrical post (which was used before to hold the Petromax lantern)
near her house and transfer it to the lot of Dr. Dumdum. The area which is the
site that covered the existing Dumdum Clinic was then lighted. Because of this,
George Vargas, the electrical installation contractor, sued the engineer in
court for some violations done under the contract of agreement. The mayor
defended him since he was only protecting the interest of Balamban.
Everyday, Virginia would drive the MacArthur type jeep to fetch the
mayor to and fro her office. There were times that Mampor would ride with her but most of the times Judge Binghay, on his black Chrysler, would take the dog with him to his work, leaving Virginia unguarded during daytime. Donato who was always watching from the windows found her very attractive then. So between
October and November that year he courted her. Sensing this, the mayor
approached the engineer and told him, “If you want to marry in Balamban you
must work here.” On the following six months he went to India for a study and
training.
In
1966 after one hundred days of winning as president, Marcos revealed his plans
for economic development and government reform in his first State of the Nation Address (SONA).
Marcos wanted the immediate construction of roads, bridges and public works,
which included 16,000 kilometers of feeder roads, some 30,000 lineal meters of
permanent bridges, a generator with an electric power capacity of one million
kilowatts (1,000,000 kW), and water services to eight regions and 38
localities.
In
that same year, during the state visit to the United States of then President
Ferdinand E. Marcos, arrangements were made for USAID assistance in the
Philippine Rural Electrification Program. A contract with the National Rural
Electric Cooperative Association (NRECA) of the United States was executed. The
NRECA made feasibility studies for pilot projects. Two Rural Electric
Cooperatives (ECs) were set up, one in Mindanao and the other in the Visayas.
These were the Misamis Oriental Rural Electric Service Cooperative, Inc.
(MORESCO) and the Victorias-Manapla-Cadiz Rural Electric Service Cooperative,
Inc. (VRESCO), respectively.
With
the help of Engr. Karamihan, the mayor was able to loan one hundred seventy
thousand pesos (Php 170,000.00) from the Electrification Administration for the
electrification program of the town.
In
July 1966 Engr. Karamihan came back to the Philippines and resigned from the
Electrification Administration. He returned to Balamban and applied a job in
Atlas Corporation at Toledo City, Cebu. Though he was renting on a different
house for delicadeza he always would
go to Balamban during weekends by banca
(boat) since Virginia would always go home from her college studies in Cebu
City and would often walk on wooden slippers called “bakya” from the seashore. With the consent of the mayor, Virginia
accepted the love of Donato whom she always looked as a light man responsible
in the electrification of the town.
In
1967 the marriage of Donato and Virginia was already scheduled but the mayor
became ill. She was found out to have a colon cancer. She was brought to the
U.S. and to different countries in Europe but to no avail for she was already
on a malignant stage. Mayor Exasperanza
Sanchez – Binghay died leaving her family empty handed with no more cash on
hand due to her hospitalization. Following the tradition of “babang luksa” or “hubkas” Engr. Karamihan had to wait for another year if he really
wanted to marry Virginia.
Upon
the death of Mayor Exasperanza Sanchez - Binghay, Socrates Gonzalez, her
vice-mayor, assumed the office of the mayor and Felix Calvo the office of the vice-mayor.
In
1968, two among the children of the late Mayor Exasperanza Sanchez – Binghay
got married. On January 14, 1968, Rosario and Alex were married at the
Guadalupe Church in Guadalupe, Cebu City. And on the following three months on
April 28, 1968, Engr.
Donato Karamihan had finally married Virginia Binghay.
In
the next succeeding years, Virginia and Donato
begot three children, namely: Virginia Donna, a physical therapist; Don Joseph,
a nurse; and Dave John, an ECE who had served as municipal councilor for nine years.